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ians, Mexicans, Salvadorans, Guatemalans, Iranians, Japanese, Koreans, Armenians, Chinese. We find here Little Taipei, Little Saigon, Little Tokyo, Koreatown, Little Central America, the Iranian neighborhood in Westwood, the Armenian community in Hollywood, and the vast Mexican-American areas of East Los Angeles. Eighty-one languages, few of them European, are spoken in the elementary school system of the city of Los Angeles.这里有规模很大的社区,住着老挝人、越南人、柬埔寨人、墨西哥人、萨尔瓦多人、危地马拉人、伊朗人、日本人、韩国人、亚美尼亚人以及中国人。这里我们能找到小台北、小西贡、小东京、韩国城、小中美洲、威斯特伍德的伊朗人社区、好莱坞的亚美尼亚人社区,以及东洛杉矶墨西哥裔美国人范围很大的居住区。洛杉矶市的小学系统共使用81种语言,其中鲜有欧洲语言。
10 This transformation of American culture anticipates the general trend in the composition of mankind. Ninety percent of the immigrants to this city are from the Third World. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, 90 percent of the world's population will be dark-skinned; the white race will be no more than 11 percent of all human beings living on our planet.
美国文化的这一变化预示着人类构成的普遍趋势。洛杉矶市90%的移民来自第三世界。到21世纪初,90%的世界人口将是深肤色的;所有生活在地球上的人中,白人不会超过11%。
11 Something that can only be seen in America: In the landscaped, ultraclean high-technology parks of northern Orange County there is a personal computer company that seven years ago did not exist. There were only strawberry fields where the plant is. Now, there is a $500 million company with factories in Hong Kong and Taiwan as well.
只有在美国才会出现这种情况:在北部桔县环境作过美化的、超净的高科技园区,有家7年前尚不存在的个人电脑公司。公司的所在地那时还是草莓地。如今,这是一家有着5亿美元资产、在香港和台湾都设有工厂的大公司。
12 The company was founded by three young immigrants -- a Pakistani Muslim and two Chinese from Hong Kong. They only became citizens in 1984. Each individual is now probably worth $30 million.
这家公司由3位年轻的移民创办—一位巴基斯坦穆斯林和两位来自香港的中国人。他们1984年才成为美国公民。如今他们每个人的身价都可能值3千万美元。
13 Walking through this company we see only young, dark faces -- Vietnamese, Cambodians, Laotians, Mexicans -- and the most advanced technology. The culture of the work force is a mix of Hispanic-Catholic family values and Asian-Confucian group loyalty. Employment notices are never posted; hiring is done through the network of families that live in southern California. Not infrequently, employees ask to work an extra twenty hours a week to earn enough money to help members of their extended family buy their first home.
在这家公司走走,我们看到的都是年轻的深肤色面孔—越南人、柬埔寨人、老挝人和墨西哥人—还有最先进的技术。员工文化混合着拉丁美洲天主教的家庭价值观念和亚洲儒家的效忠集体的观念。招聘从来不张贴告示;用人都是通过在南加州居住的家庭网络完成的。雇员常常会要求一周加班20小时,好多赚钱帮助大家庭成员购买房屋。
14 InLos Angeles, traditional Third World cultures are, for the first time, fusing with the most modern mentalities and technologies.
在洛杉矶,第三世界国家的传统文化首次与最先进的理念和技术相融合。
15 Usually, the contact between developed and underdeveloped worlds has the character of exploitation -- just taking people's labor and resources and giving them nothing. And the border between races has usually been a border of tension, of crisis. Here we see a revolution that is constructive.
发达国家与不发达国家的关系通常有剥削榨取这一特点—掠夺劳力和资源,不给任何回报。种族交界处往往是关系紧张的交界处,是危机的交界处。而在这里,我们看到了一场建设性的革命。
16 This Pacific Rim civilization being created is a new relationship between development and underdevelopment. Here, there is openness. There is hope. And a future. There is a multicultural crowd. But it is not fighting. It is cooperating, peacefully competing, building. For the first time in four hundred years of relations between the nonwhite Western world and the white Western world, the general character of the relationship is cooperation and construction, not exploitation, not destruction.
这一创建中的环太平洋文化是发达与不发达之间一种新型的关系。这里有开放精神。这里有希望,有前途。这里是一个多元文化的群体,但没有冲突,而是进行合作,进行和平竞争,进行建设。在非白种人的西方世界与白种人的西方世界400多年的关系史上,双方关系的基本特性第一次表现为合作与建设,而不是剥削,不是破坏。
17 Unlike any other place on the planet, Los Angeles shows us the potential of development once the Third World mentality merges with an open sense of possibility, a culture of organization, a Western conception of time.
不同于世界上任何其他地方,洛杉矶向我们表明,第三世界的心态一旦与充满机会的开放精神相融合,与有条有理的文化相融合,与西方的时间观念相融合,就会具有发展的潜能。
18 For the destructive, paralyzed world where I have spent most of my life, it is important, simply, that such a possibility as Los Angeles exists.
对那个我在其间度过大半生的破坏性、停滞不前的社会来说,说实在话,存在着洛杉矶这样一种发展前景意义十分重大。
19 To adjust the concept of time is the most difficult thing. It is a key revolution of development.
调整时间观念最为困难。这是发展的一个关键变革。
20 Western culture is a culture of arithmetical time. Time is organized by the clock. In non-Western culture, time is a measure between events. We arrange a meeting at nine o'clock but the man doesn't show up. We become anxious, offended. He doesn't understand our anxiety because for him, the moment he arrives is the measure of time. He is on time when he arrives.
西方文化是计算时间的文化。时间由时钟来安排。在非西方文化中,时间是以事件与事件之间的间隔来计算。我们安排在9点开会,但人没来。我们焦急不安,感到很生气。他无法理解我们为何那么焦急,因为对他而言,他到达的一刻才算时间。他到了,就是准时了。
21 In1924, the Mexican philosopher José Vasconcelos wrote a book dreaming of the possibility that, in the future, all races on the planet would merge into one type of man. This type of man is being borne in Los Angeles, in the cultural sense if not the anthropological sense. A vast mosaic of different races, cultures, religions, and moral habits are working toward one common aim. From the perspective of a world submerged in religious 皇冠直营现金网 , ethnic, and racial conflict, this harmonious cooperation is something unbelievable. It is truly striking.
1924年,墨西哥哲学家荷塞·伐斯冈萨雷斯在他的一本著作中,梦想着未来地球上所有不同种族都融合成一种类型人的可能性。在文化的意义上,即便不是在人种的意义上,这样一种类型的人正在洛杉矶诞生。由不同种族、不同文化、不同宗教和不同道德行为组成的巨大合成体正奔向一个共同的目标。世界充满着宗教的、种族的、民族的冲突,从这个角度来看,这种融洽的合作令人难以置信。的确令人瞩目。
22 What is the common aim that harmonizes competing cultures in one place?
使得在一个地区的相互竞争的文化和谐共存的共同目标是什么呢?
23 It is not only the better living standard. What attracts immigrants to America is the essential characteristic of American culture: the chance to try. There is a combination of two things that are important: culture and space. The culture allows you to try to be somebody -- to find yourself, your place, your status. And there is space not only in a geographical sense, but in the sense of opportunity, of social mobility. In societies that are in crisis and in societies which are stagnant -- or even in those which are stable -- there is no chance to try. You are defined in advance. Destiny has already sentenced you.
目标不仅仅是更高的生活水准。吸引移民前来美国的是美国文化的主要特性:有尝试的机会。文化与空间这两个重要方面结合了起来。 凯时娱乐 文化使你得以想办法出人头地—去发现自我,找到自己的位置、自己的地位。还有空间,不仅仅是地理意义上的空间,更是指机会,指社会身份的流动性。在充满危机的社会中,在停滞不前的社会中—甚至在那些稳定的社会中—没有尝试的机会。你一生已被预先决定。命运已经将你注定。
24 This is what unites the diverse races and cultures in America. If the immigrant to America at first fails, he always thinks, "I will try again." If he had failed in the old society, he would be discouraged and pessimistic, accepting the place that was given to him. In America, he's thinking, "I will have another chance, I will try again." That keeps him going. He's full of hope.
正是这一点,使得美国的不同种族和文化连结在一起。如果美国移民开始时遭遇失败,他总是想:“我要再试一下。”如果他在原来的社会中遭遇失败,他就会失去信心,变得悲观失望,接受自己所处的地位。在美国,他想的是:“我还会有机会,我还要试一下。”这使他坚持下去。他充满了希望。
Some people seem easy to understand: their character appears obvious on first meeting. Appearances, however, can be deceptive.
有些人似乎容易了解:他们的个性在初次交往时就表露无遗。然而,外表可能具有欺骗性。
A Friend in Need
Somerset Maugham
1 For thirty years now I have been studying my fellowmen. I do not know very much about them. I shrug my shoulders when people tell me that their first impressions of a person are always right. I think they must have small insight or great vanity. For my own part I find that the longer I know people the more they puzzle me.
患难之交
萨默塞特·毛姆
三十年来,我一直研究我的人类同胞,但至今了解不多。每当有人跟我说他对一个人的第一次印象向来不错的时候,我就耸耸肩。我想这种人不是无知,就是自大。拿我自己来说,我发现,认识一个人的时间越长,我就越感到困惑。
2 These reflections have occurred to me because I read in this morning's paper that Edward Hyde Burton had died at Kobe. He was a merchant and he had been in business in Japan for many years. I knew him very little, but he interested me because once he gave me a great surprise. Unless I had heard the story from his own lips, I should never have believed that he was capable of such an action. It was more startling because both in appearance and manner he suggested a very definite type. Here if ever was a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow, not much more than five feet four in height, and very slender, with white hair, a red face much wrinkled, and blue eyes. I suppose he was about sixty when I knew him. He was always neatly and quietly dressed in accordance with his age and station.
我产生这些想法,是因为我在今天早上的报纸上看到爱德华·海德·伯顿在神户去世的消息。他是个商人,在日本经商多年。我跟他并不熟,但是对他挺有兴趣,因为有一次他让我大吃一惊。要不是听他亲口讲述这个故事,我根本不会相信他能做出这种事来。这件事之所以特别令人惊讶,是因为无论是外表还是风度,他都让人想到一种非常明确的类型。要说真有表里如一的人的话,那就是此公了。他个子很小,身高不过5英尺4英寸,身材纤细,白头发、蓝眼睛,红红的脸上布满皱纹。我估计自己认识他时,他大约有60岁光景。他向来衣着整洁素雅,合乎他的年龄和身份。
3 Though his offices were in Kobe, Burton often came down to Yokohama. I happened on one occasion to be spending a few days there, waiting for a ship, and I was introduced to him at the British Club. We played bridge together. He played a good game and a generous one. He did not talk very much, either then or later when we were having drinks, but what he said was sensible. He had a quiet, dry humor. He seemed to be popular at the club and afterwards, when he had gone, they described him as one of the best. It happened that we were both staying at the Grand Hotel and next day he asked me to dine with him. I met his wife, fat, elderly, and smiling, and his two daughters. It was evidently a united and affectionate family. I think the chief thing that struck me about Burton was his kindliness. There was something very pleasing in his mild blue eyes. His voice was gentle; you could not imagine that he could possibly raise it in anger; his smile was benign. Here was a man who attracted you because you felt in him a real love for his fellows. At the same time he liked his game of cards and his cocktail, he could tell with point a good and spicy story, and in his youth he had been something of an athlete. He was a rich man and he had made every penny himself. I suppose one thing that made you like him was that he was so small and frail; he aroused your instincts of protection. You felt that he could not bear to hurt a fly.
伯顿的办事处设在神户,但他常常到横滨来。有一次,我正好因为等船,要在那里呆几天,在英国俱乐部经人介绍与他相识。我们在一起玩桥牌。他打得不错,牌风也好。无论在玩牌的时候,还是在后来一起喝酒的时候,他的话都不多,但说的话却都合情合理。他挺幽默,但并不咋呼。他在俱乐部里似乎人缘不错,后来,在他走了以后,人家都说他是个顶呱呱的人。事有凑巧,我们俩都住在格兰德大酒店。第二天他请我吃饭。我见到了他的太太――一位肥肥胖胖、满面笑容的半老妇人――和他的两个女儿。这显然是和睦恩爱的一家人。我想,伯顿当时给我印象最深的主要还是他这个人和善。他那双温和的蓝眼睛有种令人愉快的神情。他说话的声音轻柔;你无法想象他会提高嗓门大发雷霆;他的笑容和蔼可亲。这个人吸引你,是因为你从他身上感到他对别人的真正的爱。同时他也喜欢玩牌,喝鸡尾酒,他能绘声绘色地讲个来劲儿的段子什么的,他年轻时多少还是个运动员呢。 其乐官网他是个阔佬,但他的每一个便士都是自己挣来的。我想,人们喜欢他还有一个原因,那就是他非常瘦小、脆弱,容易引起人们的恻隐之心。你觉得他甚至连只蚂蚁都不忍伤害。
4 One afternoon I was sitting in the lounge of the Grand Hotel when Burton came in and seated himself in the chair next to mine.
5 "What do you say to a little drink?"
6 He clapped his hands for a boy and ordered two gin fizzes. As the boy brought them a man passed along the street outside and seeing me waved his ha